Is Conjunctivitis an Allergy?

                                                 
Infections of the eye and surrounding structures are as common in human as in pets as well, and usually involves the conjunctiva, leading to conjunctivitis or, better known as “pink eye.” Causes of infections include various bacteria, viruses like the Herpes virus, foreign material or irritants in the eye and even Lyme disease. Eye infections may become chronic if not treated and can cause permanent damage if neglected. Therefore, it is advised that you arm yourself with as much knowledge as possible regarding the various types of eye infections as well as the remedies available.

An infection of the conjunctiva, which is the membrane that covers both the whites of the eyes and the inner eyelids. This condition if often called 'pink eye.' It can be caused by bacteria, virus or allergies. Pink Eye infection is one of the most common types of eye infections affecting both humans and pets! Although pink eye infection is highly common, pink eye should not be taken lightly. Eye infections are very contagious and can spread easily especially among family members due to the close physical contact. Always maintain proper hygiene to prevent eye infections from spreading rapidly.

The common term frequently used for conjunctivitis is "pink eye." However, this term is only properly used to refer to conjunctivitis which is caused by a viral infection of the eye. What we will target here is allergic conjunctivitis, its causes, and some treatments

Allergic conjunctivitis is caused when the mast cells (part of the body's immune system) in the eye react to allergens which the body's immune system deems to be foreign to one's body. There is a large number of mast cells in the eyes, which makes them a common location for these types of allergic reactions.

The allergic reaction causes a release of histamines, which is the immune system's way of counteracting the allergen. What follows is enlargement of the blood vessels in the conjunctiva (a thin membrane which covers the white of the eye and the inside of the eyelid).

Symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis may include, but are not limited to, slight swelling of the area around the eyes, redness, itching, and tearing (crying). One may also experience nasal symptoms such as congestion, sneezing, runny nose, and itching. While other forms of conjunctivitis may affect only one eye, the allergic form generally manifests itself in both eyes.

There are five different types of allergic conjunctivitis. These are:

1. Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis (SAC): This is the most common type of the five listed here. It usually occurs when the seasons change and is caused by airborne allergens such as tree, weed, and grass pollens, as well as many different types of mold. Quite often those who suffer from this eye affliction also have allergic rhinitis, also know as "hay fever." This is often the source of SAC.

This form of allergic conjunctivitis can be treated with over-the-counter (OTC) medications, as well as prescriptions.

2. Perennial Allergic Conjunctivitis (PAC): PAC can occur year-round and is frequently cause by pet or animal dander, dust mites, feathers, and other like substances. Although this form of conjunctivitis can occur all year long, the symptoms may be more severe during seasonal changes. The symptoms are very similar to those of the seasonal form.

Again, this type of allergic conjunctivitis can be treated by OTC and prescription medications. One may also avoid pet/animal dander and feathers to lessen the chances of "attacks." The use of an air purifier indoors can also provide relief from irritants which may cause this allergic reaction.

Although untreated bouts of seasonal or perennial allergic conjunctivitis rarely lead to long-term complications, they can cause serious problems with other parts of the eye. One can develop an inflammation of the iris, or colored part, of the eye. Please seek appropriate treatment for both of these

3. Vernal Conjunctivitis: This a chronic form of conjunctivitis which occurs most frequently during the spring and fall seasons. It can cause permanent damage to one's vision, making it one of the two most dangerous forms of allergic conjunctivitis.

Vernal Conjunctivitis is more likely to occur in males than females, and has both allergic and non-allergic forms. An eye-care speciaist who also specializes in allergies should be able to pinpoint and treat this form of conjunctivitis most effectively.

4. Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis: This is a form of allergic conjunctivitis which is associated with atopic dermatitis (also known as eczema) of the eyelids and face. The symptoms include those of seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis, as well as a stringy or ropy discharge from the eyes.

This form of allergic conjunctivitis first manifests itself most frequently in persons in their teens and early 20's. It may also occur in persons who have a history of allergies, especially allergic rhinitis and/or asthma.

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Because pink eye spreads easily, wash hands, clothes, towels, pillowcases, and any other items touched by the infected eye. Wash hands before and after using the medication. Avoid sharing cosmetics. Although pick eye infection is highly common, do not underestimate the damage this type of eye infection can do to your vision.

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